Performance Analysis of Direction of Arrival Estimation Algorithms in Smart Antennas

The goal of this paper is to give a brief overview on smart antennas, before analyzing some popular algorithms from this domain in MATLAB and providing simulation results(especially a parametric study of the algorithms), in order to enhance understanding of the possibilities, but also the limitations of these algorithms. The main focus is on Direction of Arrival (DOA) algorithm called beamforming vectors, to track and locate the antenna beam on the mobile/target. In actual, antennas are not Smart Antenna, systems are smart. Generally co-located with a base station, a smart antenna system combines an antenna array with a digital signal-processing capability to transmit and receive in an adaptive, spatially sensitive manner.  MAIN FUCTIONS OF SMART ANTENNAS: MUSIC and ESPRIT algorithms. A smart antenna combines antenna arrays with  Direction of Arrival(DOA) Estimation  Beam Forming digital signal processing units in order to improve reception and emission radiation patterns dynamically in response to the signal environment. It can increase channel capacity, extend range coverage, steer multiple beams to track many mobiles, compensate aperture distortion or reduce multipath fading and co-channel interference. In estimating DOA, MUSIC deals with the decomposition of covariance matrix into two orthogonal matrices, i.e., signal-subspace and noise-subspace. The ESPRIT algorithm reduces the computational and storage requirements and its main goal is to exploit the rotational invariance in